Solution Acid and Base free essay sample

SOLUTIONS Title I. Objective: To study some phenomena related solution. II. Apparatus: Test tubes, Bunsen burner, mortar and pestle, conductivity Apparatus, test tube holder, calibrated test tube. III. Materials: Crystals of blue vitriol, benzoic acid, table salt, denatured alcohol, kerosene, 10ml of very diluted sulfuric acid, 2g brown sugar, 10ml of each of the following: 1 M solution of sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and ethyl alcohol. IV. Procedure and Observation A. 1. Factors influencing Dissolving Velocity A. Each of 5 test tubes was filled up with 10ml of diluted H2SO4 solution. a. One crystal was dropped into the first test tube and set aside into the test tube rack, after several minutes the crystal was slowly dissolved. We will write a custom essay sample on Solution: Acid and Base or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page b. Another crystal was suspended into the second test tube by means of a sling made from a piece of mimeo paper about 1/4 inch wide and 4 inches long and set aside into the test tube rack, after several minutes the crystal was slowly dissolved. c. Powdered Blue Vitriol was placed into the third test tube and set aside into the test tube rack, after several minutes the powdered blue vitriol was slowly dissolved but faster than in 1. and 1. b. d. Powdered Blue Vitriol was placed into the fourth test tube and shaken vigorously until the powdered blue vitriol was totally dissolved. The powdered blue vitriol was dissolved faster compared to 1. c. e. Powdered Blue Vitriol was placed into the fifth test tube which was heated solution. Continuously heating of the solution until the powdered blue vitriol was completely dissolved. The powdered blue vitriol was dissolved faster compared to 1. d. B. Data and Results Solution |Factors |Rank | | | |(slowest -to- | | | |fastest) | |Blue Vitriol Crysta ls(CuSO4)+ H2SO4 |Particles Size |5 | |Blue Vitriol Crystals(CuSO4) + H2SO4 |Surface Area |4 | |Powdered Blue Vitriol (CuSO4) + H2SO4 |Particles Size |3 | |Powdered Blue Vitriol (CuSO4) + H2SO4 |Agitation |2 | |Powdered Blue Vitriol (CuSO4) + H2SO4 |Temperature |1 | 2. Solubility of Different Solutes in Different Solvents 1. a The 1/2g of table salt was divided into three equal portions in three separate test tubes. The first test tube was filled up with 2ml of H2O and the second test tube was filled up with 2ml kerosene. After filling up the two test tubes then shake. The third test tube was reserved for C. 1. a. The table salt was dissolved most in the 2ml H2O, and least dissolved in kerosene. 1. b The benzoic acid was divided into two equal portions in two separate test tubes. The first test tube was filled up with 2ml of H2O and the second test tube was filled up with 2ml kerosene. After filling up the two test tubes then shake. The benzoic acid was dissolved most in the 2ml kerosene, and least dissolved in H2O. 2. Data and Results |Solvents |Table Salt |Benzoic Acid | |2ml Water (H2O) |Soluble |insoluble | |2ml Kerosene |Insoluble |Soluble | |2ml Alcohol |Insoluble |Soluble | 3. Influence of Different Solutes in Different Solvents 1. The 1/2g of table salt from the third test tube from B. 1. a was filled up with enough water and added slowly pinch-by-pinch of table salt until no more table salt dissolved. The water-salt solution was thoroughly wet and being concentrated solution. 2. b The solution from C. 1. a was heated to almost boiling and added slowly pinch-by- pinch of table salt. After several minutes, when the solution was being cooled the table salt returned to its solid state. The water-salt solution was made supersaturated wherein the water was unable to dissolved the salt in the solution. B. 1. Electrolytes (Strong and Weak) and Non-electrolytes The Instructor had demonstrated. A. Each of the solution listed below had tested its conductivity by placing 10ml of each in a conductance tube and dipping it in the electrodes of the conductivity apparatus. a. 1 M HCL – Bright Light b. 1 M HOAc – Dimmed Light c. 1 M NaOH – Bright Light d. 1 M NH4OH – Dimmed Light e. 1 M NH4Cl – Bright Light f. 1 M NaOAc – Bright Light g. NaCl solution – Bright Light h. Sugar solution – Dimmed Light i. Distilled water – No Light j. Tap water – Dimmed Light k. Ethyl alcohol – No Light 2. Classification of all the solution listed as weak electrolyte, strong electrolyte or non electrolyte. Weak Electrolyte |Strong Electrolyte |Non Electrolyte | |Acetic Acid |Sodium Chloride |Distilled Water | |Ammonium Hydroxide |Hydrochloride |Ethyl Alcohol | |Tap Water |Ammonium Chloride | | |Sugar Solution |Sodium Hydroxide | | | |Sodium Acetate | | VI. Conclusion It takes time for a diluted Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to dissolved the crystal blue vitriol compared to the powdered blue vitriol because they varied in the particles size, when shaking were applied on the solution the speed of the solubility were increased. In the heated solution the solubility was very fast due to the increased in temperature. The factor affected the solubility of water and salt solution, water and benzoic acid solution, was the nature of solute and the solvent, the polar solute were dissolved only in the polar solvent and slightly or insoluble to non polar solvent, then non polar solute were dissolved only in the non polar solvent and slightly or insoluble to polar solvent. Thus water is polar solvent and salt is polar solute therefore salt is soluble in water, whereas benzoic acid is a non polar and water is polar solvent so, benzoic acid is insoluble in water. Benzoic acid is soluble in kerosene and alcohol because they are non polar solvent. When salt was added into the water pinch-by-pinch, the salt absorbed the water wherein the amount of water in the solution were decreased by adding more salt, when water cannot dissolve more salt, the water-salt solution is saturated. Solutions having weak electrolytes are those weak acid or base solution, solutions having strong electrolytes are those strong acid or base solution. The non electrolyte solutions are those organic solutions.

George Balanchines Influence on Ballet in America essays

George Balanchines Influence on Ballet in America essays George Balanchine was born in 1904 in St. Petersburg, Russia. He began his training in ballet at the age of nine at the St. Petersburg Imperial Theater School, and by 1921, he had graduated with honors and was appearing the State Theater of Opera and Ballet. His father was a composer, so Balanchine was always surrounded by music and dance from childhood. One biographer notes, "Highly regarded by both orchestral instrumentalists and conductors as one of the most musical choreographers of our time, Balanchine was the son of a composer" (Teck 15). In addition to his dancing, Balanchine also played piano, and attended the Petrograd Conservatory of Music, where he learned composition and other composing techniques. He composed music before he began choreography, and this background aided his endeavors. His official biography notes, "Such extensive musical training made it possible for Balanchine as a choreographer to communicate with a composer of the stature of Stravinsky; it also gave him the ability to make piano reductions of orchestral scores, an invaluable aid in translating music into dance" (Editors). Balanchine left Russia for a tour in 1924, and never returned. He spent time in London, and came to America in 1933, after several successful years of choreographing in Europe. American arts patron Lincoln Kirstein, who hoped to establish a memorable American ballet company, recruited him. Balanchine decided a school was necessary first, and the two founded the School of American Ballet in 1934. This was the small beginning of a ballet movement in America that still exists today. The School of American ballet still exists, and Balanchine's influence is still felt in ballet In 1935, Balanchine and Kerstein created their first ballet company, the American Ballet. The troupe did not successfully tour, but it did become the resident ballet company of the New York...

Clinical Training I & Practitioner Development Assignment

Clinical Training I & Practitioner Development - Assignment Example According to the Society of Homeopaths’ Code of Ethics, respecting patient is important to â€Å"foster and maintain the trust of individual patients and the public† (Sec 1. 1.4). Also, the code insists that one can disclose the confidential information ‘only in clearly defined circumstances’ (1. 10). This involves the practitioner’s discretion. Since the patient in the given context is suffering from depression, the practitioner has to assess if the situation involves any risk factor. For instance, highly depressed patients are often vulnerable to suicidal attempt. If the patient is diagnosed for such symptoms, it is advisable for a practitioner to disclose certain things to someone who would take care of the patient (Sec 2. 8, 14). On the other hand, if the person who referred the patient (here wife) is not aware that the client is suffering from depression and the situation does not pose any risk, the practitioner should not disclose confidential information. Since family environment plays a major role in cases like depression, the practitioner can help the couple by giving some common tips that may bring about some positive changes to their living conditions. B. The Society of Homeopaths’ Code of Ethics has set some personal boundaries for the registered or student clinical member in respect to their relationship with patients. As Section 3 (28) insists, they are not expected to â€Å"enter into an intimate relationship with a patient, student or supervisee†, for such relationship is abusive in itself and ‘undermines the relationship of trust’. Hence, in the given context, the member should not accept the patient’s offer. However, refusal must not hurt the person too. The member has to be a bit creative in this regard. It is not advisable for him/her to explain that accepting patients’ invitation for drink is

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - Case Study Example hat is also critical to note that management structure of the firm is largely de-centralized with Regional control exercised through regional hierarchy of management and structure is largely decentralized with strong delegation at the local level. Shell has extremely decentralized organizational environment wherein most of its subsidiaries work independently under the Regional control. As such the corporate governance issues that are faced by local subsidiaries of the firm. At the international scene, Shell therefore faced mostly the local corporate governance regulations and modeled itself according to the local regulations rather than forming a centralized corporate governance mechanism. It is however, also important to note that Shell has been criticized for the higher compensation of its executives and it was because of this reason that shareholders in 2009 rejected the executive compensation plan.(Lublin & Chazan,2009). Shell works in petroleum industry in which the overall cost of doing business is really high because of high cost of capital involved. Apart from this, the output in the industry is mostly dominated by the States wherein the direct control of oil resources is in the hands of the State. OPEC is the largest cartel in the world which controls the output of oil to be produced and as such industry is largely concentrated in nature. Shell Plc is the largest organization in the world in this industry however; major competitors included British Petroleum, Exxon Mobil as well as Total. (Hoovers, 2010). It is however, also important to note that competition is largely concentrated and firms are mostly price takers with little influence over the output as well as prices. Oil and Petroleum products are not manufactured rather they are minerals which are extracted from the soil. As such their presence depends upon the availability of reserves in any particular market therefore Shell has to operate at the international level in order to take advantage of

Critically assess the working of the EU's merger control Regulation Essay

Critically assess the working of the EU's merger control Regulation - Essay Example For the past two decades, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) hold the greatest percentage among modes of entry by foreign investors and growth activities of domestic companies; particularly true for the developed economies. One probable reason for this trend may be the high availability of information regarding the value of mergers and acquisitions. M&As targets usually obtain good values by the financial markets, which is more attractive and tempting for the investing companies and is considered one of the more important factors that affect investors’ choices. Mergers occur when two or more companies, with the consent of both parties involved, engage into a merge, in order to create business synergies from the new single entity formed, rather than existing separately on the market. There is a mutual agreement between the managements of two or more companies, on the grounds of exchanging shares of the merging firms with shares of the new entity, which reflects the name of the both companies engaged in the merger. Acquisitions, on the other side, represent business transactions between parties which are unrelated, under terms established by the market, while each side acts in its own best interest . In other words, in the case of acquisitions, the takeover involves a direct business transaction between the management of the acquiring firm and the stockholders of the acquired firm . 4. M&A result in anti-competitive effects as a possible consequence. By creating or strengthening dominant market power and by creating control over the industry’s vertical chain – M&A can succeed in distorting market competition. The scope of the essay is to provide a critical review on the EU competition regulation5. At the level of EU, the European Commission is responsible for the implementation of the regulation. Its powers have still not been used as frequently as the USA. As designed currently the EU regulation and decisions have multiple variations across multiple sectors; particularly the sectors where large companies and extensive cross-border trading and ownership links are predominant. These are counted as the regulation’s key targets6. In the process the essay will look at the most important factor after the anti-competitive issues drive the EU decisions on M&A – the efficiency gains7. The essay is organized in several sections. First the impa ct of M&A on the society as a whole is investigated followed by an overview of EU competition law with the EU merger procedures ending with a conclusion and discussion on the findings. 2. MERGERS AND AQUISITIONS AND THE ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC INTEREST (anti-competitive effects and efficiency gains) Although more than 14 drivers of M&As activity have been recognized and defined in the economic research and theory, according to Griffiths and Wall, in most of the cases the theories are highly unpredictable and inconsistent8. For example, the value discrepancy theory (i.e. buying off a company with a lower value than its genuine potential and actual assets involved), as well as the market power theory (i.e. consolidation due to large market power), are both behavioral models and illustrate specific and exact frameworks in which the companies operate (externally and/or internally). Generalization of these theories is difficult, therefore one may argue that Griffiths and

Critically discuss Rostow’s stages of growth

Critically discuss Rostow’s stages of growth Walt Whitman Rostow was an American economist who worked on growth and development. He was an economist who believes the growth and the development of the society is possible through the capitalist mode of production and the free market policy. He was a convinced liberal which he expressed in the commitment towards the development and his anti-communism (Simon 2006). Rostow presents his manifesto as the alternative to the Marxism (Gustafsson 1961). He has put forward the stages of economic growth through which every country passes for modernization of the developing countries. He also forwarded the transformation of the development from one country to another by transfer of technology and investment from developed north to the developing south which would help in development of south. Rostow believed that the Marxist was failed because he neglected agriculture and therefore the forces should be used to gain the stages of the economic growth that he has outlined (Simon 2006). The stage of growth is the model Rostow has developed to show how the countries passes to modernization through different stages he has developed five stages through which each countries passes for the economic modernization of any nation. These five stages are The traditional society The precondition for take-off Take-off Drive to maturity Age of high mass consumption Rostow states that each country passes through these stages linearly and set out the conditions likely to occur in terms of investment, consumption and social trends at each state. However it is not certain that all the conditions are needed to be fulfilled to pass from one stage to another and the time it takes may vary countries to countries. The traditional society This is the primitive stage of growth. This period are marked by the pre Newtonian science and technology. The progress in any economic sector was limited. Though the progress was done with the improvement but the progress has the threshold limit to which it could not increase. It had a self sustained production. Because of low production of agriculture they had to devote high proportion of resources in it (Rostow 1960). During the period social and the political power as laid in few peoples who owned the land. The precondition for take off This is the transitional period or stage where society passes from traditional stage to the take off stage by the use of science and technology in the sector of agriculture and industry. The basic requirements or infra structure that are required for modernization of the country such as transportation, communication gets developed. The state has to play a vital role for the development of these sectors. The precondition for takeoff was largely dependent on creation of social overhead capital such as road, railway etc (Rostow 1960). Rostow argues for the transition from traditional society to take off period there is need of social change from regional social economic and political setting to the national level. The predominance in agriculture should shift towards industries and commerce, so that new entrepreneurs evolve and could take the risk. Take off stage This is the third stage that the Rostow explains is the period when the obstacles to development are completely removed and the productivity rises and expands. The development of the social overhead capital, technological, and political is the main focus in the takeoff stage. The main important factor is saving over the investment though the high investment in social overhead capital which could be invested. He assumes about 10% of saving over the Gross National Product (GNP) and reinvests them for the economic development. The drive to maturity When the takeoff stage continue with the sustainable economic growth for a long period of time then only this stage comes. In this stage the investment rate should be 10-20 % of national investment so that it could outstrip the population growth. In this stage investment should be done in all and produce every things needed for the society. The new industries are established that are capable of producing the goods that supports the agriculture and the other economic sectors for e.g. Fertilizer, agricultural machinery etc. The industrial sectors improve and produce the goods that are imported and also produce the goods for exporting it to the foreign countries. The age of high mass consumption The last stage age of high mass consumption is the period where the state moves to the welfare state. People have access to the goods and services beyond the basic fundamental requirement. The focus in this stage is on the production of goods and services. More investment flows on the security and social welfare of society. Rostow in his book has explained the experience as a white man. It seems that he wants to impose the theory to rest of the world. He has taken western society as the model for his theory, and has not mentioned about the society with the different social and cultural background. The transformation of the development from these developed nations might not favor the social, cultural and geographical condition of the developing countries. He has not taken into account the cultural, environment, social differences between this developed north and the developing south. He also has mentioned about the countries with the sufficient labor force, natural resources can make the sustained growth. Many countries today seem to follow the random sequence of the stages which confuses that in which stage the state is, and some has skipped the stage to gain the highest economic growth. What I think this theory has the compatibility problem with the other countries and other countries has different con strain for development. Critical discussion of Shivas views on western science as a patriarchal project. Discuss whether you agree with her or not and give reasons. Shiva vandana, a philosopher, an eco feminist, on her book Staying Alive writes about the western development as a patriarchal project. She says development is a post colonial project which is taken as a model by the world for progress without knowing the subjugation and the exploitation the colonization brings (Shiva 1988). She works out on this book from the perspective of eco feminism and has linked the exploitation of woman and nature by the development activities in the name of progress and is reinforcing themself. She has also equated nature with feminism principle and argued women plays crucial role in maintaining of nature. The patriarchal policies are expanding throughout the developing nation inspite feminist movement. Development is compared with the economic progress, in terms of need, of produce and of growth, which utilizes patriarchal tools to subjugate countries, cultures, people, and especially women. Development is possible by colonization and colonization helps in capital accumulation. This will not only create wealth but also create poverty and dispossession (Shiva 1988). So the people struggle for the freedom from colonization and development. The dominant stream of science is created by particular group with the particular response. Shiva has traced the creator of modern industrial science, Francis bacons experimental science as central to development of masculinities science(Shiva 1988). He dichotomized between male and female as mind and matter, subjective and objective, rational and emotional. Within these differences bacon associated woman with the weaker or more irrational part of these and male were compared as strong, mind and rational. Shiva so thinks that science should be view ed as sexist metaphor not a neutral, objective and science should be viewed as the masculine mode of aggregation against nature and domination over women (Shiva 1988). Shiva, with the words of bacon explains science as the form of patriarchal violence against nature and women. Bacons model of modern science conceptualizes the nature and its inquiry as means of rape and torture. The mechanical invention developed by the discipline of science can not only have effect on nature it can have a severe impact on nature and can change the course of nature. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦They have a power to capture and subdue her to shake her foundations. (Shiva 1988). What do you understand by Gramscis concept of hegemony and counter hegemony? Discuss the idea of hegemony and counter hegemony in the context of globalization. Gramsci was an Italian political leader of communist party and an activist who was sentenced twenty years imprisonment by the fascist in 1926. He is one who is closely related with the concept of hegemony which in 19th century was defined as political predominance, usually of one state over another. But Gramsci, here hegemony means the domination of ruling class over the working class. Hegemony utilizes the legislative and executive power to maintain the ascendance of dominant elite. According to Gramsci, the intellectual first sustain dominant either by creating or popularizing themselves and then convincing the oppressed that they will favor and will not oppose or the subordination of the oppressor. And make them feel that their servitude is inevitable, suitable and just. Like this a social form is obtained with a few people in power and practicing power to keep other in influence of these people the people. Gramsci explains that the hegemony is not intentionally developed by peopl e it was gradually developed by institutionalization and was practiced with the everyday experience. So then by the development of consciousness among the ruling class they then developed hegemonic idea which the masses accepts the existing political situation and the oppression from the ruling class. According to Gramsci, hegemony was popularized by the old traditional intellectuals through their control over the institution as in church, state (Amoore 2005). The concept of hegemony that Gramsci explains can never be complete because it needs the participation of subordinate group and while implementing, defending and maintaining hegemony there develops intellectual who challenges it (Amoore 2005). There develops another kind of intellectual with a revolutionary thoughts from among the subordinate class. These groups of people gather and convince mass of people to develop a force to against the hegemony. They develop consciousness among the general population who are oppressed and then they are conscious about the oppression from the elite they would revolt against the existing hegemony. They would uproot the existing hegemony and they will create a new environment ruled by the worker. The counter hegemonic ideology developed against the hegemonic of traditional intellectual with the capitalist system will then brought to an end. Gramsci with his concept of hegemony has provided four main apparatus that are useful for current days for defending Marxism today and also to organize and develop the movement today to fight the crisis today. These four main elements that we can draw with the Gramscis concept of hegemony are Centrality of politics Hegemony or leadership is always in even or implicitly unstated form is political, this means there should be one to take the leadership and take the position politically to lead the people. And these people in the political leadership should be act responsibly towards the people and the working class of the society. They should be able to provide leadership to the broader aspect of the society. Necessity of the leadership of the working class movement Gramsci is aware of that the modern economy is based on the exploitation of the labour. Therefore with the organization of those who involve in the productive labour force then they would be able to organize the genuine transformation of the society. Necessity for clear political program This does not only mean to the political programs to oppose the political resistance of the working class but also a positive policies and programs that would give an alternative to the working class people by the ruling class. Necessity of building concrete institution This is necessary to expand the capacity available to the members of working class for democratic participation. He is not only simply concern with hegemony led In abstract he is also concern with building the institution enable people to participate in own emancipation. Amoore, L. (2005). The global resistance reader, Routledge. Gustafsson, B. (1961). Rostow, Marx and the Theory of Economic Growth. Science Society: 229-244. Rostow, W. (1960). The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 4-7. Shiva, V. (1988). Staying alive: Women, ecology, and development, Zed books. Simon, D. (2006). Fifty key thinkers on development, Taylor Francis.

I Want to Give You My Heart and Soul :: Love Letters Dating Email Relationships

Dear Jared, I was going to bed and wanted to write you a short letter. Thank you so much for having faith in me and in us as a couple. Thank you for making me a better person and for opening up and giving your heart to me. Over the last eight months, I never expected to feel this way nor actually be with you in this way, experiencing life's wonders with you. You are wonderful to me, my friends, and my family. You make me the happiest I have ever been and even though we are apart a lot of the time, I still love the same. The feeling that I get when I am with you is overwhelming. Every time that I get a chance to see you for the first time in awhile and as time goes by, my feelings for you more intense. I was thinking about that earlier tonight, when I am going to see you at the airport. I am getting butterflies in my stomach at the thought of seeing you again. You make everything in my life complete and I can't imagine being with anyone else but you. I'm anxious to see you again Jared. Time is ticking, and it's going by too slow. It takes a strong man to accomplish everything that you have in your life and I am proud of you. You have stuck to your goals and have improved your life so much from what it was before and I am so happy that you respect my beliefs as much as I respect yours. You say that you are going to make me a happy woman ... well, you have already done that, just by being you and showing me love and being so open with your feelings. You are what I have always dreamed of when I was a little girl. You are a man with integrity, honesty, love, affection, good looks, and a charming personality. I never thought I would find you, but here you are.