Social Structure Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Structure Theory - Essay Example Social structure theory is a sociological theory based on the argument that the social surroundings in which one exists tend to affect his or her behavior. There is a strong relationship between social environment and behavior in that the manner in which people behaves will be similar despite of their social environment. From the film, it is evident that people from different social surrounding behave differently from people in a different social surrounding. For instance, those people who grew up in poverty and lower class social surroundings tend to manifest criminal behaviors than those from upper class (Durkheim, 1951) The film endorses the social structure theory in that it shows how the society is composed of social institutions such as educational, political, economic, family, and religious whose purpose is to socialize an individual. Further, it shows how society is classified based on economic income and social status whereby those with high economic income belong in upper c lass and have high statuses in society as compared to those with low economic income that have low status in society. It depicts how people in all societies in the world aspire and desire to utilize and maximize their potentials in life but deficiency in natural skills and talents hinder some of them from achieving their objectives. This in turn makes them turn to other means such as crime in order to realize their dreams. The film reveals that social disorganization make people violate the laid down rules and regulations since there is total breakdown of power of informal community to control their behavior. This is attributed to the fact that they want to get themselves out of informal community in which the society has placed them. As such, they will engage in criminal behavior such as human trafficking and slavery in order to achieve their goals (Hester & Eglin, 1992). Social strain theory explains that crime in all societies is as a reaction to the conditions and circumstances that hinder opportunities for some people to achieve economic success for which all individuals are supposed to have. From the film, it is evident that there is no institutional balance of power as proposed by social structure theory. This trend often leads to forced control of some institutions by others thus depriving them some societal privileges. Poverty bounds people from different cultures. The disintegration of informal social control eventually leads to social disorganization as violent groups replace social institutions such as family, schools, and religion as socializers thus transmitting violent values to people (Hester & Eglin, 1992). Therefore, human trafficking is as a result of intergeneration spread of violent values. The film highlights the most serious social issues in modern society, which is human trafficking, and violation of human rights whereby human beings from different parts of the world are sold into slavery for different purposes. People assume that human trafficking is a vice that existed in the distant past or in nations where everybody is above the law. This idea is wrong because as the film depicts, human trafficking exist in every part of the world where people are transported to other nations for working in illegal business or engaging in prostitution. In most cases, men are usually trafficked to provide labor while women are trafficked for prostitution. The film describes that human traffi

Relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices of Essay - 1

Relationship between the Strategic Position and Strategic Choices of Marks & Spencer Plc - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Marks and Spencer (M&S) had occupied a leading position in the UK retail industry and had been able to sustain success for several years. However, its performance over the last two decades has not been much influential which has resulted in the decline in customer base and market share as compared to its competitors. Historically, Michael Marks, during the late 1880s established a penny bazaar wherein he offered a majority of products costing one penny. This business of Marks accorded significant success and inspired by this success Marks rapidly expanded his business. With the growing size of the business, Marks was joined by a partner Tom Spencer, this partnership led to the establishment of M&S. The partnership business steadily grew and by the beginning of 21st century, M&S growth began to roll out unprecedentedly. Later, Simon Marks took the management of M&S. He made numerous changes in the operational strategy of M&S. He transfo rmed that penny bazaar into stores and adopted simple pricing strategy. He also introduced ‘St Michael’ logo as a quality sign. However, since 1998, M&S had confronted with numerous challenges as well as it had adopted several strategies to deal with the emerging challenges. However, the most of measures undertaken by M&S to cope up with the problems encountered by it had not been fruitful. Strategic positioning is an attempt to realize sustainable competitive advantage by identifying and preserving the distinct resources and capabilities. It involves the execution of different activities from competitors or executing similar activities in a different manner than the rivals in the marketplace. Moreover, strategic positioning is ascertained to be closely bounded by the environment in which the business operates. Thus, strategic positioning can be precisely defined as devising future position of the business based on the analysis of the industry or environmental condition s in which it operates. Besides, strategic positioning involves positioning a business based on its strengths and weaknesses that enable it to outperform its competitors in the marketplace.

The Effects Artificial Intelligence has had on Society and on Business

The Effects Artificial Intelligence has had on Society and on Business Until recently, many people thought it unlikely for machines to have human-like abilities. Human-like abilities were generally only attributed to animals, and not machines. However, with technological advancements such as computers, many are beginning to realize the importance and impact such machines have in business. There are virtually no businesses today who do not implement the use of the Internet and networking technologies. The reason is because e-Business has made it more efficient, effective and has saved companies time and money when dealing with their business practices. It is difficult to assign intelligence to man-made objects, so first we must define and discuss what intelligence actually is. This is a complicated subject, raising questions of consciousness and self. Even intelligent behavioral studies in humans have been difficult and complex to understand. However, one popular early definition put forth by John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, is, "making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving" (http://www.answers.com/artificial+intelligence&r=67). This is when the term â€Å"artificial intelligence† was first coined. Basically, it is giving a computer a rational mind-set comparable to humans. This raises a whole question: is making artificially intelligent machines ethical? This question will be addressed later in the paper. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be classified into two categories: strong AI and weak AI. Strong AI involves some form of technology that can reason and solve problems as a human does. Strong AI is then classified into two forms also: 1... ...rtificial+intelligence&r=67>. The History of Artificial Intelligence. July 1997. Online. Internet. Thinkquest. March 12, 2005. < http://library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.html>. The Honda Humanoid Robot ASIMO. 2004. Online. Internet. Honda Motor Company. March 12, 2005. < http://world.honda.com/ASIMO>. The MITS Altair 8800. Online. Internet. The Computer Science Club at University of California, Davis. March 12, 2005. <http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~csclub/museum/items/mits_altair_8800.html>. O’Brien. James A. Management Information Systems: Managing Information Technology in the Business Enterprise. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York: 2004. Pop quiz: What was the first personal computer? 2002. Online. Internet. Blinkenlights Archaelogical Institute. March 4, 2005. <http://www.blinkenlights.com/pc.shtml>.

Economic Development of India Essay

The capital market is the market for securities, where Companies and governments can raise long-term funds. It is a market in which money is lent for periods longer than a year. A nation’s capital market includes such financial institutions as banks, insurance companies, and stock exchanges that channel long-term investment funds to commercial and industrial borrowers. Unlike the money market, on which lending is ordinarily short term, the capital market typically finances fixed investments like those in buildings and machinery. Nature and Constituents: The capital market consists of number of individuals and institutions (including the government) that canalize the supply and demand for longterm capital and claims on capital. The stock exchange, commercial banks, co-operative banks, saving banks, development banks, insurance companies, investment trust or companies, etc., are important constituents of the capital markets. The capital market, like the money market, has three important Components, namely the suppliers of loanable funds, the borrowers and the Intermediaries who deal with the leaders on the one hand and the Borrowers on the other. ï  ® The demand for capital comes mostly from agriculture, industry, trade The government. The predominant form of industrial organization developed Capital Market becomes a necessary infrastructure for fast industrialization,and hence its important for the economy because india is a land if agriculture where more than 70 % of population depends upon agriculture and as India is also an developing nation so,industrialization is must necessary In this topic we have discussed that the development of stock market must contributes to economic growth both directly and indirectly. Hence stock market plays an important role in the economy of a country. Following the direct channel, we show that market liquidity has a positive impact on growth and indirectly market size affects investments which must affect growth of the country. Security markets also play a crucial role in economic growth and financial stability. The primary purpose of security markets is to serve as a mechanism for the transformation of savings into financing for the real sector, and hence constituting an alternative to bank financing. Recent local and global studies show that there is a positive correlation between the developments of stock markets and economic growth. Stock markets must be very efficient in the allocation of capital to its highest-value users. These markets also help to increase savings and investment, which are essential for economic development. If an equity market is informationally inefficient then investors face difficulties in choosing the optimal investment, because information on corporate performance is slow. Role of Securities Markets in Economic Development The increasing stringency of terms on both domestic and international loans, the urgency of mobilizing domestic resources by means other than dent finance has been greatly identified. The alternative to debt finance, of course is equity market. Capital market refers to the market for long and medium term funds for the business enterprise. It can be divided into securities and non-securities market. Securities market in turn may be divided unto the markets for primary issues and markets for secondary trading of the issued securities. In the secondary market, the existing securities change from the investor to another. There is no additional flow of funds for investment purposes in a secondary market; it only provides liquidity and marketability to the existing securities. A secondary market is very essential for a new issue market to develop. The secondary market can play most crucial functions in the pace of economic development by the promotion of savings and investment and efficient allocation of finds among the users. The securities market offers both investors and issues a broad spectrum of investment alternatives, which can help increase the level of both savings and investment. An efficient capital market can play the crucial role in mobilizing domestic savings for the purpose of investment

Man versus Machine - 933 Words

In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought wealth and power to Great Britain. Many changes occurred in Britain that helped it as a country while other things brought the people within Britain down. Factories and other labor works were introduced to the people in Britain. Many argue that this change impacted the economy and social life of those individuals living in Europe. Many individuals wrote on behalf of the change, some going for it and others going against it. One major controversy was between Dr. Andrew and Friederich Engels who wrote against each other depending on their opinion. In my opinion I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages that came out of the Industrial Revolution. To begin, many factories open up for business and gave the opportunity to many workers, including children. Some factories that opened their doors to the poor to work where cotton factories, and factories that managed iron and coal. The usage of machines made the labor work eas ier, since it was a mixture of machinery and hands on jobs. Also the products produced by these factories brought in a large amount of investments for the owners. That was the main goal of the Industrial Revolution, to make more money, and in order to do that they needed to produce more. Many believed that the Industrial Revolution was the best thing that happened to Europe. For example, Dr. Andrew Ure. He had a positive mindset towards industrialization. The usage of machines made it easierShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemma Of Man Versus Machines1242 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Dilemma Of Man Versus Machines The theoretical barrier that separates man from machine is fractured and weak, as it will not be long before this wall breaks down under the full force of the issue at hand. Biological engineering has the ability to rewrite the international economic gap as well as the ethics that the US military is built off of. As physically altered limbs may soon become the norm and prosthetics are no longer isolated to only the amputees but rather a luxury for only theRead MoreEssay about Man Versus Machine: The Era of Human Dominance is Over506 Words   |  3 PagesMan vs. Machine Machines are constructed tools that use some form of energy to perform tasks, machinery has evolved so much since the industrial revolution introducing machines that can perform many human tasks, so this information brings up the controversial topic of man vs. machine, in the end, who wins?. Now first let us talk about the evolution of machinery since the past. Humanity has created and programmed a vast arsenal of machinery that can perform and even best us in human tasks or gamesRead MoreRay Bradbury Once Said, â€Å"Collecting Facts Is Important.1517 Words   |  7 Pagescreating a riveting, enjoyable experience for their readers. Ray Bradbury uses several major and minor themes throughout his novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† to illustrate a book-burning futuristic society. Censorship, ignorance versus knowledge, the constant struggle of man versus machine, life versus death, conformity, and reliance on technology are some themes prevalent in â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† One of the themes found in Ray Bradbury’s novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† is censorship. Censorship was one of the central, dominantRead MoreTechnology and Family Issues in The Veldt by Ray Bradbury Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesgenre and Edgar Allan Poe (Kattelman). Kattelman states that Bradbury, â€Å"as a young child was influenced by Poe† (Kattelman). This liking of the science fiction genre is shown in â€Å"The Veldt† by showing a futuristic time where a house can do anything a man can do and even better. There is technology called the nursery which can take the children anywhere they want. The children like the nursery more than their own parents because it can do more than what the parents can do. Throughout the story, the parentsRead MoreChange Versus Tradition Throughout The First Party And The Cobbler, The Machine By Mulk Raj Anand1537 Words   |  7 PagesChange Versus Tradition in The First Party and The Cobbler and the Machine One of the most prevalent themes present in Pakistani and Indian literature is that of change versus tradition. Change is never easy, and often times traditions are lost in the process. Human beings are creatures of habit who covet routine. We seek comfort in routine: we eat familiar foods, we take the same route home from work, and keep the same habits each morning when we wake or before bed. However, tradition isn’t alwaysRead More R.S Thomas Treatment of the Theme Of Old Age In His Poems Lore And989 Words   |  4 PagesR.S Thomas Treatment of the Theme Of Old Age In His Poems Lore And An Old Man R.S Thomas was an Anglican minister who was born in 1913 and died in 1965. He ministered in remote parishes in the welsh hillsides amongst hill farmers. The bleak Welsh landscape and the harsh life of the farmers who were his parishioners provided an inspiration for much of his finest poetry. R.S Thomas taught himself the Welsh language in order to understand the hill farmers. Much of his poetry describes theirRead MoreCritical Analysis of â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† and â€Å"The Facebook Sonnet†879 Words   |  4 Pagesreminiscing on his past through social media. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the meaning of both works using the poets’ images and symbols, and will compare how each poet used the notion of Wordsworth’s humans and nature versus Alexie’s humans and machine. When reading â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† I am left with a feeling of delight. Wordsworth used words like â€Å"fluttering† â€Å"glee† and â€Å"bliss† to describe his lonesome walk through a meadow. After leaving the meadow, he thinks of thisRead MoreExploitation Of Gender And Sexuality963 Words   |  4 PagesDirector Alex Garland transforms the cinemyth as a modern interpretation in the film Ex Machina through the character, Nathan, and his AI machines. The tensions of their relationship highlight the notorious creator/created dynamic of the cinemyth. Through the rapport between the main characters, Nathan and Caleb, and the AIs, the binaries of the film, such as male versus female supremacy, are accentuated in order to emphasize the underlying themes of gender and sexuality. The setting of Ex Machina is utilizedRead MoreThe Wachowski Brothers The Matrix811 Words   |  4 PagesMatrix is a film directed by the Wachowski Brothers depicting a future in which machines rule. The machines have created a complex computer program called â€Å"the matrix† which simulates a form of reality. The machines have enslaved humans by hooking them up to the matrix so that they can harvest them as an energy source. A number of people have been able to escape the matrix and they continue to fight the war against the machines in hopes of being able to free everyone still trapped within the matrix. ThroughoutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Searle s Chinese Room 1487 Words   |  6 PagesSearle attempts to disprove the theory of the Turing Test through his Chinese Room thought experiment. In this experiment, Searle proposes that a man unwittingly communicates to a native speaker through the use of a program. Searle presents the prepositions that artificial intelligence is solely syntactic and do not constitute conscious â€Å"intention†- that the man in the room did not display knowledge yet communicates through rules and functions. Through the Chinese Room experiment, Searle attempts to refute

The Stereotypical Reality Of Television - 1624 Words

The Stereotypical Reality in TV Although television can sometimes be educational, it is often agreed that reality TV creates dangerous stereotypes. These days, it seems like producers are willing to turn almost anything into a an hour long weekly series. Another growing concern that may indirectly promote stereotypes is the issue of privacy in reality TV. It is said that â€Å"participants in reality shows have openly admitted that giving the public access to the most personal moments of their lives is nothing short of a daily battle† (Smith). Reality TV has been around for a long time. Shows that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s. â€Å"Queen for a Day† was an early example of reality-based television. In the 40s and 50s reality television caught people s eye. In the early 60s the first reality TV show in the United Kingdom was aired. With time reality TV has evolved and has even developed various subgenres. There are eight sub genres th at are commonly known as: gamedocs, dating programs, makeover programs, docusoaps, talent contests, court programs, reality sitcoms, and celebrity variations of other programs. The big controversy is whether these stereotypes exist or not. When this popular new trend first started out, many stereotypes were not existent but as time went on, many developed, especially in the 2000s. Overall, reality TV shows promote dangerous stereotypes. To begin, multiple shows promote different stereotypes. Shows like teen mom,Show MoreRelatedThe Representation of African Americans in the Media and Popular Culture901 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In popular culture, specifically American television, representations of African Americans often rely upon an array of stereotypes. Representation is the production of meaning through language or signifying systems. 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The primary component that distinguishes reality-based programs from similar forms of entertainment including traditionalRead MoreAfrican American Stereotypes Reality Television1531 Words   |  7 PagesReality programs have dominated television networks since their rise in popularity began in the early 1990s with MTV’s The Real World. The reality genre quickly gained viewership as it redefined the formulaic set up of televisions shows from the past. Reality television has infiltrated television because networks prefer low budgets for their programs that also generate high ratings (Hasinoff, 2008). People watch reality shows because they are intrigued by the seemingly â€Å"real† drama with ordinaryRead MoreEssay The Importance of Gender in Buffy, The Vampire Slayer1485 Words   |  6 Pagesyet up until a certain period in time, the same stereotypical characters were portrayed and used as role models for others in most media. Women characters being the helpless victims, while the strong men would come to save them (inc luding television shows such as Miami Vice or Three’s Company). Today there is a whole slew of shows and movies, which are redefining and re-categorizing the stereotypical language in relation to gender. One such television series is Buffy, The Vampire Slayer (starring SarahRead MoreThe Sopranos Essay515 Words   |  3 PagesThe Sopranos The media and specifically television portray Italian Americans as criminals or people of power in the illegal world. Television portrays their ethnicity on a stereotypical background that most people have come to know as truth. There is a show on cable called the Sopranos. This show is a depiction of the New Jersey mafia and how it handles its day to day operations. 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Women characters being the helpless victims, while the strong men would come to save them (including television shows such as Miami Vice or Threes Company). Today there is a whole slew of shows and movies, which are redefining and re-categorizing the stereotypical language in relation to gender. One such television series is Buffy, The Vampire Slayer (starringRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Saved By The Bell 1102 Words   |  5 Pagesan exposition concentrating on the absurd tendencies of the hit television sitcom’s producers. The main idea of his essay, â€Å"Being Zack Morris,† is to depict how even though television is not always realistic, neither is reality (147). 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Elizabeth Larkins argues with the integrity of the genre of reality TV shows. She describes how watching one’s embarrassment or pain on TV and finding it humorous is wrong morally and mentally. Larkins describes how reality TV a ll began with one of the oldest reality shows â€Å"Candid Camera.† This show would broadcast hidden cameras of people in embarrassing or painful situations. It was a huge success, which ultimately started the popularity of the reality genre

Police Suicide And Its Effects - 1720 Words

Introduction The primary purpose of this term paper is to talk about police suicide and whether or not it is preventable. While police suicide is an huge issue, the public do not hear much about it nor have enough information. Therefore, it is important to let the public know that it is an issue by spreading awareness and creating prevention methods. Important questions that should be asked are : What is suicide? Why are police officers committing suicide? How many police officers are committing suicide? Can police suicide be prevented? Have guidelines been created in efforts to prevent police suicide? How does the suicide of an officer affect other officers? Identifying the Problem Suicide is when a person purposely takes their own†¦show more content†¦While conducting their studies, Chae and Boyle found that when multiple factors occurred it increased the risk of an officer wanting to commit suicide (2013). Some of the multiple factors mentioned were shift work, critical incidents, stress, and relationship problems (Chae and Boyle, 2013). While officers may have suicide on their minds, most of them do not automatically commit suicide. According to Nanavaty, some of the officers that have committed suicide have shown warning signs (2015). Therefore, it is extremely important for the public, family, friends, and co-workers to be able to identify the warning signs so that an officer from committing suicide can be prevented. Causes for Police Suicide What affects one person does not necessarily affect another person. Police officers have different reasons as to why they commit suicide. There are many causes for committing suicide such as depression, death, retirement, loneliness, stress, relationship problems, alcohol abuse, burnout and physical pain. Most officers do not commit suicide because of just one cause in fact, many officers experience more than one cause at once. Take for example depression, it is a serious illness and because of it officers can lack motivation, not wanting to live, and have a lot of stress. The officer could have stress because of what they have been exposed to such as trauma, irregular work hours, problems in the work force, long periods of